美國、歐盟和日本三方在周二(25日)簽署了貿易相關(guan) 的三方聯合聲明“美日歐聯合聲明”。聲明中提到，三方在第三國非市場化政策，國企補貼，強製技術轉讓，改革WTO等多方麵達成了一致態度。

　　美國貿易代表辦公室(USTR)周二刊登消息說，美國貿易代表萊特希則(Robert Lighthizer)，日本經濟產(chan) 業(ye) 大臣世耕弘成(Hiroshige Seko)及歐盟主管貿易事務的執行委員馬姆斯壯(Cecilia Malmstrom)在紐約會(hui) 談後簽署了“美日歐聯合聲明”，聲明內(nei) 容如下：

　　關(guan) 於(yu) 美國、日本和歐洲聯盟三方貿易部長會(hui) 議的聯合聲明

　　(中文翻譯僅(jin) 供參考，英文原文後附)

　　2018年9月25日，日本經濟、貿易和工業(ye) 部長Hiroshige Seko先生、美國貿易代表Robert E. Lighthizer大使和歐洲貿易專(zhuan) 員Cecilia Malmström夫人在紐約舉(ju) 行了會(hui) 議。

　　關(guan) 於(yu) 第三國不以市場為(wei) 導向的政策和做法的關(guan) 切的聲明 部長們(men) 重申關(guan) 注並確認了它們(men) 共同的目標, 即解決(jue) 第三國的非市場化政策和做法, 從(cong) 而導致嚴(yan) 重的生產(chan) 能力過剩, 為(wei) 工人和企業(ye) 創造不公平的競爭(zheng) 條件, 妨礙開發和使用創新技術, 破壞國際貿易的適當運作, 包括現有規則不有效。

　　部長們(men) 回顧, 以市場為(wei) 導向的條件對公平、互惠互利的全球貿易體(ti) 係至關(guan) 重要, 其公民和企業(ye) 在市場導向條件下運作。 他們(men) 討論了正在采取的行動和可能在不久的將來采取的措施。

　　因此, 他們(men) 指示其工作人員進一步討論各種因素或跡象, 表明企業(ye) 和工業(ye) 存在麵向非市場的政策和做法, 以加強非市場導向的信息共享第三國的政策和做法, 與(yu) 其他貿易夥(huo) 伴合作, 確定維持以市場為(wei) 導向的條件的手段, 並深化關(guan) 於(yu) 執法和製定規則的討論, 作為(wei) 解決(jue) 這些問題的工具。

　　關(guan) 於(yu) 工業(ye) 補貼和國有企業(ye) 的聲明 部長們(men) 審查並確認了有關(guan) 工業(ye) 補貼和國有企業(ye) 可能的新規則的進展情況, 以便為(wei) 其工人促進一個(ge) 更公平的競爭(zheng) 領域, 並企業(ye) 。 部長們(men) 強調了確保公平競爭(zheng) 的重要性, 因為(wei) 第三方發展中國有企業(ye) 的挑戰成為(wei) 國家冠軍(jun) , 並使它們(men) 在全球市場中鬆動--造成扭曲, 消極地影響到各部長母國的農(nong) 民、工業(ye) 生產(chan) 者和工人。部長們(men) 認識到他們(men) 的工作進展, 並繼續需要加深他們(men) 的共同理解, 在加強工業(ye) 補貼和國有企業(ye) 規則的基礎上, 包括如何製定有效的規則來解決(jue) 國有企業(ye) 扭曲市場行為(wei) , 麵對特別有害的補貼做法, 如: 國有銀行貸款不符合公司的信用, 包括由於(yu) 政府隱性擔保;政府或政府控製的投資基金在非商業(ye) 條件下的股本投資;非商業(ye) 性債(zhai) 轉股;優(you) 惠的輸入定價(jia) , 包括雙重定價(jia) ;在沒有可靠的重組計劃的情況下向患病的企業(ye) 提供補貼;和補貼導致或維持產(chan) 能過剩。

　　三邊夥(huo) 伴繼續探討如何增加透明度和通知失敗的費用, 以及如何加強獲得補貼信息的能力。

　　部長們(men) 還確認, 他們(men) 承諾繼續共同努力, 維持現有世貿組織紀律的效力。

　　在此基礎上, 他們(men) 同意加強彼此之間的討論, 並表示打算在2018年底之前推進各自的內(nei) 部步驟, 以便在此後不久開始就更有效的補貼規則進行談判。部長們(men) 強調必須確保主要貿易夥(huo) 伴參與(yu) 今後的談判。

　　關(guan) 於(yu) 對第三國強製技術轉讓政策和做法的關(guan) 切的聲明 部長們(men) 回顧了他們(men) 的共同看法, 即任何國家都不應要求或向外國公司施加壓力向國內(nei) 公司轉讓技術, 包括例如, 通過使用合資要求、外國股權限製、行政審查和許可程序或其他手段。部長們(men) 認為(wei) 這種做法是可悲的。

　　部長們(men) 再次譴責由政府所采取的行動用來支持外國公司的計算機網絡未經授權侵入和盜竊, 以獲取其敏感的商業(ye) 信息和商業(ye) 機密, 並利用這些信息進行商業(ye) 性獲得。 回顧強迫技術轉讓政策和做法為(wei) 其工人和企業(ye) 造成不公平的競爭(zheng) 條件, 妨礙開發和使用創新技術, 破壞國際貿易的適當運作,部長們(men) 將與(yu) 其他誌同道合的夥(huo) 伴達成共識, 並與(yu) 他們(men) 建立協商一致意見。部長們(men) 還同意深化對各種有害技術轉讓政策和做法及其影響的調查和分析。

　　部長們(men) 申明承諾采取有效手段製止有害的強迫技術轉讓政策和做法, 為(wei) 此目的, 深化關(guan) 於(yu) 執法和製定規則的討論, 以此作為(wei) 解決(jue) 這些問題的工具。

　　關(guan) 於(yu) 世貿組織改革討論的聲明 部長們(men) 就世貿組織改革的必要性達成了共同看法, 並就其監測和監督職能商定作為(wei) 第一步, 共同發起一項透明度和通知建議, 以在世貿組織貨物貿易理事會(hui) 下一次會(hui) 議上審議。

　　他們(men) 還同意促進加強經常委員會(hui) 的活動, 並指示其專(zhuan) 家討論擬訂一項可能的聯合提議, 由三名成員共同提出, 重點是促進最佳做法和提高效率跨委員會(hui) 。

　　過於(yu) 寬泛的發展分類, 加上自我指定的發展地位, 阻礙了世貿組織談判新的、貿易擴大的協定並損害其效力的能力。部長們(men) 呼籲要求發展中國家地位的先進世貿組織成員在目前和未來的世貿組織談判中作出充分承諾。

　　關(guan) 於(yu) 數字貿易和電子商務的聲明 部長們(men) 對數字保護主義(yi) 的擴散日益感到關(guan) 切, 並同意在促進數字貿易和數字經濟增長方麵進行合作, 並通過數據安全的推廣。

　　部長們(men) 歡迎世貿組織電子商務聯合聲明倡議下的探索性工作的進展。 他們(men) 同意加緊和加快這一進程, 加深各成員之間對未來數字貿易協定中可能包括的內(nei) 容的理解, 其目的是更新世貿組織規則, 以及這種協議。 部長們(men) 同意繼續努力, 在盡可能多的成員的參與(yu) 下, 及時展開一項高標準協定的談判。

　　關(guan) 於(yu) 在其他問題上的合作的聲明 部長們(men) 確認了相互協調的重要性, 以減輕貿易和外國投資對其國家安全的風險, 包括在適當的情況下繼續合作三個(ge) 合作夥(huo) 伴的當局分享最佳做法和交流關(guan) 於(yu) 外國投資審查機製的信息。

　　部長們(men) 歡迎出口信貸國際工作組的三方合作, 以便在2019年盡快製定一套新的政府支助出口信貸準則。

　　部長們(men) 重申了它們(men) 在國際論壇上的合作, 例如 G7、G20 和經合組織, 以及在諸如鋼鐵過剩產(chan) 能問題全球講壇和政府/當局半導體(ti) 會(hui) 議等部門倡議中, 以解決(jue) 扭曲市場的措施。

　　Joint Statement on Trilateral Meeting of the Trade Ministers of the United States, Japan, and the European Union

　　Mr. Hiroshige Seko, Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan, Ambassador Robert E. Lighthizer, United States Trade Representative, and Mrs. Cecilia Malmström, European Commissioner for Trade, met in New York on 25 September 2018.

　　Statement on Concerns with Non-Market-Oriented Policies and Practices of Third Countries

　　The Ministers reiterated their concern with and confirmed their shared objective to address non market-oriented policies and practices of third countries that lead to severe overcapacity, create unfair competitive conditions for their workers and businesses, hinder the development and use of innovative technologies, and undermine the proper functioning of international trade, including where existing rules are not effective.

　　The Ministers recalled that market-oriented conditions are fundamental to a fair, mutually advantageous global trading system and that their citizens and businesses operate under market-oriented conditions. They discussed actions being taken and possible measures that could be undertaken in the near future.

　　Accordingly, they directed their staff to further their discussion on various elements or indications that signal that non-market oriented policies and practices exist for businesses and industries, to enhance information sharing on non-market-oriented policies and practices of third countries, to engage with other trading partners on identifying means to maintain market-oriented conditions, and to deepen discussions on enforcement and rule-making as tools to address these problems.

　　Statement on Industrial Subsidies and State Owned Enterprise

　　The Ministers reviewed and confirmed progress regarding possible new rules on industrial subsidies and State Owned Enterprises so as to promote a more level playing field for their workers and businesses. The Ministers highlighted the importance of securing a level playing field given the challenges posed by third parties developing State Owned Enterprises into national champions and setting them loose in global markets – resulting in distortions that negatively affect farmers, industrial producers, and workers in the Ministers’ home countries. The Ministers recognized the progress of their work, and the continued need to deepen their shared understanding, on the basis for strengthening rules on industrial subsidies and State Owned Enterprises, including how to develop effective rules to address market-distorting behavior of state enterprises and confront particularly harmful subsidy practices such as: state-owned bank lending incompatible with a company’s creditworthiness, including due to implicit government guarantees; government or government-controlled investment fund equity investment on non-commercial terms; non-commercial debt-to-equity swaps; preferential input pricing, including dual pricing; subsidies to an ailing enterprise without a credible restructuring plan; and subsidies leading to or maintaining overcapacity.

　　The trilateral partners continue exploring how to increase the costs of transparency and notification failures and how to strengthen the ability to obtain information on subsidies.

　　The Ministers also confirmed their commitment to continue working together to maintain the effectiveness of existing WTO disciplines.

　　On that basis, they agreed to intensify discussions among themselves and expressed their intention to advance their respective internal steps before the end of 2018 with the aim of initiating a negotiation on more effective subsidy rules soon thereafter. The Ministers emphasized the need to ensure the participation of key trading partners in these future negotiations.

　　Statement on Concerns with Forced Technology Transfer Policies and Practices of Third Countries

　　The Ministers recalled their shared view that no country should require or pressure technology transfer from foreign companies to domestic companies, including, for example, through the use of joint venture requirements, foreign equity limitations, administrative review and licensing processes, or other means.The Ministers found such practices to be deplorable.

　　The Ministers again condemned government actions that support the unauthorized intrusion into, and theft from, the computer networks of foreign companies to access their sensitive commercial information and trade secrets and use that information for commercial gain. Recalling that forced technology transfer policies and practices create unfair competitive conditions for their workers and businesses, hinder the development and use of innovative technologies, and undermine the proper functioning of international trade, the Ministers will reach out to and build consensus with other like-minded partners. The Ministers also agreed to deepen their investigation and analysis of the full range of harmful technology transfer policies and practices and their effects.

　　The Ministers affirmed their commitment to effective means to stop harmful forced technology transfer policies and practices, and to this end, deepen discussions on enforcement and rule-making as tools to address these problems.

　　Statement on Discussions on WTO Reform

　　The Ministers shared a common view on the need for the reform of the WTO, and, with respect to its monitoring and surveillance function, agreed as a first step to co-sponsor a transparency and notification proposal for consideration at the next meeting of the WTO Council on Trade in Goods.

　　They also agreed to promote the strengthening of the regular committees’ activities and instructed their experts to discuss the development of a potential joint proposal by the three members focusing on the promotion of best practices and increasing efficiencies across committees.

　　Overly broad classifications of development, combined with self-designation of development status, inhibits the WTO’s ability to negotiate new, trade-expanding agreements and undermines their effectiveness. The Ministers called on advanced WTO Members claiming developing country status to undertake full commitments in ongoing and future WTO negotiations.

　　Statement on Digital Trade and E-Commerce

　　The Ministers shared growing concerns about proliferation of digital protectionism and agreed to cooperate in facilitating digital trade and the growth of the digital economy and to enhance business environments through the promotion of data security.

　　The Ministers welcome the progress of exploratory work under the WTO Joint Statement Initiative on Electronic Commerce. They agreed to intensify and accelerate this process to deepen understanding among members on possible elements to be included in a future agreement on digital trade aiming at updating the WTO rulebook, as well as the significant economic benefits of such an agreement. The Ministers agreed to continue work toward the timely launch of negotiations of a high standard agreement with the participation of as many members as possible.

　　Statement on Cooperation on Other Issues

　　The Ministers confirmed the importance of coordination among themselves to mitigate risks to their national security from trade and foreign investment, including the continued cooperation between appropriate authorities of the three partners to share best practices and exchange information on foreign investment review mechanisms.

　　The Ministers welcomed trilateral cooperation for the International Working Group on Export Credits to develop a new set of guidelines for government-supported export credits as soon as possible in 2019.

　　The Ministers reaffirmed their cooperation in international fora, such as the G7, G20 and the OECD and in sectoral initiatives such as the Global Forum on Steel Excess Capacity and Governments/Authorities Meeting on Semiconductors, to address market-distorting measures.